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Research proposal instructions:
For this research project, you will be required to test a theoretical concept by designing a bypothetical experiment or study. In other words, you will be assessed on your ability to use theory to explain/predict a self-selected crime phenomenon. The purpose of the research project is to demonstrate your knowledge of criminological theory and application. Generally, this will involve (1) creating a research question based on a criminology theory and crime phenomenon (e.g., does inattentive and lax parenting cause crime? Can after-school programming divert high-risk youth from engaging in crime? Do certain genetic factors cause individuals to become violent?), (2) describing your theoretical framework (3) conducting a literature review (4) designing a hypothetical experiment or study to test the research question, (5) describing the research strategy and methodological approaches/procedures for data analysis, (6) discussing the implications of the research for CJS policy and practice (7), and lastly, critically assessing future research needs on the topic.
This research project is organized in a similar fashion to most major grant applications and study proposals; however, because you will not actually carry out the research, you are not constrained by budget limitations, pre-approval by the Ethics board, a particular type of research design, or a specific time frame.
You are strongly encouraged to meet with me during office hours to discuss your research idea so that you do not waste time on a project that is not feasible. The final paper will be about 20-25 pages (not including references), in size 12 font (times new roman or similar), double-spaced and in APA style formatting. Here is a helpful website for formatting in APA:
Below includes a breakdown of the paper components with general recommendations for each section. Ultimately, you can decide how to best present your paper BUT all papers must follow a logical structure and include a title page, abstract/keywords, introduction, literature review, method, implications/conclusion.
Title page: A single page at the start of your document, formatted in APA style.
Abstract and Keywords: Single paragraph, 150-word summary of your project. Briefly describe the project, methods and intended goals. The abstract should be a single page, following the title page. Include 5 keywords at the end of the page.
Introduction/research question: Start by introducing the topic (i.e., “statement of the problem/crime phenomenon”). Discuss the goals and objectives of the study and clearly indicate the research question you are seeking to address and briefly highlight how your theory can help to better understand this problem. Approx. 2-3 pages
Theoretical Framework: Explain your theory in detail. Provide an overview of the key tenants/principles, including any updates to the theory. In other words, you should be presenting the most-up-to-date knowledge on your chosen theory. Then you should explain why this theory can be used to explain your crime phenomenon. Approx. 3-4 pages.
Literature Review: Situate the proposed research in the context of relevant scholarly work. The literature review should be focused on studies that examine your chosen crime phenomenon using the theory you have selected. If findings from prior literature are similar you can discuss those together, if different, contrast them. Then, identify the research gap(s) and explain how your research will fill these gaps. This section should be approx. 5-6 pages.
Note: A research gap could be many things, such as identifying the areas that research has not yet addressed – e.g., methodologically such as longitudinal research designs, ways to measure your IVs/DVs, specific samples/populations, aspects of theory that lack direct testing, etc. Your research question or a specified hypothesis based on the existing literature should be stated at the end of this section.
Methodology: The methodology section is used to describe the proposed research strategies and key activities, including the methodological approaches and procedures for data collection and analysis, that will be used to answer your research question. This section includes several components (each requiring its own subheading (see APA style guidelines for formatting subheadings) and should be approx. 4-6 pages.
* Typically, the sample is described first, but after the sample, you may group or present the next sections in order of what makes the most sense for your study.
The Sample: explain the population of interest as well as your sample (including sample size and where they come from geographically).
The Measures (Quantitative method). You will need to describe how you intend to measure your theory and your crime phenomenon (i.e., the independent and dependent variables). You will need to consider whether you will include “control” variables in your model. Thus, each variable that you will be examining needs to be included with an explanation of how it is measured (e.g., continuous, categorical and/ or how it will be operationalized – e.g., a 5-point scale to measure “impulsivity”; 0 = no impulsivity, 5 = highly impulsive.).
Research Design and Data Collection Method: you will need to describe and justify the choice of study design (e.g., experimental, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, longitudinal, etc.) and how you will collect data (e.g., surveys, official data from law enforcement, open source, focus groups, etc.). Note: For qualitative research you must indicate in your research design and data collection approach how you will use theory to guide your interview questions.
Data limitations: Discuss any limitations of your design and measurement, including causality, threats to validity and reliability. If you do not think these apply, your rationale should be justified in the appropriate section (e.g., validity of variables in the measures section).
Ethical Statement: discuss any foreseeable ethical issues and how they will be addressed (e.g., special populations, incentives, confidentiality, and anonymity).
Analytical Strategy: Briefly describe how you will analyze your collected data to answer your research questions/hypotheses (e.g., regression analysis, thematic content analysis, etc.) and justify your approach (i.e., explain why it is appropriate for addressing your research question/hypothesis).
Implications: Discuss who will your results benefit and how they can be applied to CCJ policy and practice. How do you anticipate that your findings will contribute to new knowledge (i.e., what will it tell us about your crime phenomena that we don’t already know). Approx 2-3 pages.
Future Research Directions/Conclusion: Anticipate the areas that your study will not be able to address and highlight how they can be examined in future research. Reiterate the purpose and goals of your research project and their relevance for policy and practice. (approx. 0.5- 1 page)
Formatting and References: All referencing in-text/ reference page should be formatted in APA style. Your paper should be organized around headings and sub-headings. A highly quality paper will include approx.
My additional instructions:
Theories I want to use is rational choice theory & rountie activity theory
Crime I want to use burglary and VR how they connect ( links ) to the two thesories I provided.
Also what I can add on to VR of burlary.
Sources that are being used, they have to be open to the public. My sources must be accessible and free. ( meaning I wont have to sign in or pay to read the article. ) Please pay close attention to sources because I will check them and if I cant access them I will ask you to chnage them.
Also this must be simple writing as simple as possible please. I am not a individual that use large words. However, I want it to sound good. This is an important paper for my last year of school.
Please use the sources I provided and you may find more sources.
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