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The science of brain networks sometimes called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectomics. is a fascinating cutting edge application of anatomy in health care, aimed at understanding how nervous systems work and how they participate in the generation of our state of mind. According to Omniscient Neurotechnology https://www.o8t.com/blog/brain-networks . there are roughly 7 major networks that have been identified and each has a process it controls. Some are subconscious but other compete for dominance in controlling our state of consciousness. They are all working most of the time but some are more active during certain states of mind. Since our state of mind is associated with mental health, understanding these networks might be important in treating mental illness.
According to the https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/mental-health.htm and these numbers seem to be rising based on data from adolescents. These issues are extremely complex and involve a variety of causes that may include a genetic predisposition, however, there are some anatomical associations that might help some patients cope with these debilitating conditions.
The nervous system is by nature a network and while we have identified regions of the brain with specific functions (recall the cortical map from the CNS unit) it turns out we put those functions together in networks to solve problems and experience different states of consciousness. There are series of networks that your brain uses for different functions and one of them is the default mode network (DMN). This network is most active during daydreaming, non-focused brain activity, autobiographical ideation and rumination. When a person is having an anxiety attack or in a state of depression this network is often most active. Below are a series of 3 images of brain sections in all 3 planes with spots and colored lines indication the parts of the brain most active when the DMN is on.
Assignment #1: Reconstruct which parts of the brain are participating in this network. To do this you can use a simple diagram of cerebral cortex regions and you already know the functions from the CNS unit. One challenge is to figure out what part of the brain is sectioned in the axial and coronal views so you know what regions are lighting up. You can do this by review some series of section of the brain. You review how to read these sections and what parts are viewed in general on the Radiopaedia website https://radiopaedia.org/articles/labelled-imaging-anatomy-cases?lang=us., or the https://www.neuroanatomy.ca/ . Make a list of the parts of the brain and what their independent functions are like those we reviewed in the CNS unit.
Assignment #2: Now do the same for the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) shown in the images below:
The DAN is thought to most active when you are focused on a task and very present in your state of awareness. It is also thought to combat anxiety and depression if you can activate this network while you are in a DMN state of rumination and self-ideation.
Assignment #3: Can you make at least 3 suggestions using the previous 2 assignments above that describe the parts of the brain and their functions used by these 2 networks as to how one might modify their behavior to cause a shift from DMN to more DAN and help move from depression and anxiety to another state of mind? Specifically what activities would you recommend to switch networks and what parts of the brain are they stimulating?
Assignment #4: Developing a teaching tool to explain to a patient how your 3 behavioral modifications will work to improve their mental health along with the neuroanatomy and network theory in simple terms. For full credit you should refer to some neuro-images.
They say you cannot think your way out of prison made of thoughts but what if you had more than one “mind” in your head and you could learn to switch? In this way you would be training yourself in how to change your “mind”. Not to oversimplify these complex conditions and this changing of networks is not easy. Many of the techniques to switch between these networks are found the deep spiritual practices of all traditions including contemplative prayer, chanting and singing, Sufi dancing, zen meditation and the yogic states of samadhi. Spiritual masters spend a lifetime working on this but our knowledge of anatomy might help any person take advantage of these technologies to improve their mental health.
We are talking about coping mechanisms that can be used with other therapies and medications to shift the way a mind works to achieve some relief.
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