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Write this review article MAINLY with the articles I provided (see attachment). If you need additional source, make sure it is primary research article, i.e. not a review article. The paper should meet master’s level and no AI content is allowed.
Here is the outline which I hope you can follow:
Introduction
Brief introduction to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Schizophrenia (SCZ)).
Importance of genetic factors in NDDs.
Introduction to the concept of de novo mutations.
Overview of the significance of synaptic genes in neurodevelopment.
Objective of the review: To explore the impact of de novo mutations in ‘synaptic’ genes on neurodevelopmental disorders.
Definition and Scope of ‘Synaptic’ Genes
Definition of synaptic genes (genes involved in synaptic function and structure).
Broader scope: Genes not exclusively synaptic but involved in neuronal signaling and communication.
Examples of key ‘synaptic’ genes (e.g., SHANK3, SYNGAP1, NRXN1).
Mechanisms of Synaptic Function and Neurodevelopment
Overview of synapse formation, maintenance, and plasticity.
Role of synaptic genes in early brain development and neuronal communication.
Impact of synaptic dysfunction on neurodevelopment.
De Novo Mutations in ‘Synaptic’ Genes
Explanation of de novo mutations and their occurrence.
Methods for identifying de novo mutations (e.g., whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing).
Examples of de novo mutations in key ‘synaptic’ genes associated with NDDs.
Impact of De Novo Mutations on Synaptic Function
How de novo mutations affect synaptic structure and function.
Case studies or examples of specific mutations and their impact on synaptic genes (e.g., SHANK3 mutations leading to Phelan-McDermid syndrome).
Correlation Between Synaptic Gene Mutations and NDD Phenotypes
Studies linking specific de novo mutations to clinical phenotypes.
Variability in phenotypic expression and factors influencing this variability.
Comparison of phenotypic outcomes in different NDDs (ASD, ID, SCZ).
Therapeutic Implications and Future Directions
Current therapeutic approaches targeting synaptic dysfunction (e.g., pharmacological interventions, gene therapy).
Potential for personalized medicine based on genetic findings.
Future research directions and the importance of continued exploration of de novo mutations in synaptic genes.
Conclusion
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