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Barbara Carper’s paper on the “Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing,” is a most important paper in the history of Nursing Science. In her paper she describes the four components of Nursing These were: esthetics (the art of nursing, or nursing science in action), empirics (essentially, anything that we ‘know’ as a given, or ‘fact’ – this includes but is not restricted to research evidence), personal knowing (basically knowing about the impact that we – self – have on patients) and ethical knowing (the implicit or explicit use of ethics and ethical theory in order to make decisions).
Based upon your readings and learning experiences:
• Explain your interpretation for each way of knowing.
• Discuss how you have used each way of knowing in your nursing practice as a psych nurse
• Describe how the ways of knowing have advanced your practice.
• Beyond Carper’s Ways of Knowing a Fifth Way of Knowing Emancipatory Knowing has been added explain how it integrates with the original four Ways of Knowing.
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